FAQs
Find Answers to Common Gastrointestinal Concerns
A gastroenterologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the digestive system, which includes the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. You should see a gastroenterologist if you have persistent digestive symptoms such as chronic heartburn, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or if you need screening for conditions like colon cancer.
You should consider seeing a gastroenterologist if you experience:
- Persistent or severe abdominal pain or bloating
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chronic heartburn or acid reflux
- Blood in your stool or black, tarry stools
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
- Changes in bowel movements (e.g., diarrhea or constipation)
- Nausea or vomiting that doesn’t go away
A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows a gastroenterologist to examine the inside of your colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera. It is used to screen for colorectal cancer, polyps, and other digestive conditions. Generally, people aged 45 or older are advised to start routine screening, but your doctor may recommend it earlier if you have a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors.
IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects bowel function and is characterized by symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements, but it does not cause inflammation or damage to the intestines. In contrast, IBD, which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, involves chronic inflammation of the digestive tract and can lead to severe complications like bowel damage and malnutrition.
Managing acid reflux (GERD) typically involves lifestyle and dietary changes, such as:
- Eating smaller, more frequent meals
- Avoiding trigger foods (spicy foods, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol)
- Not lying down immediately after eating
- Elevating the head of your bed to reduce nighttime reflux
- Medications like antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be prescribed for symptom control. If lifestyle changes and medications are ineffective, surgical options like fundoplication may be considered.
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten causes damage to the small intestine lining. The primary treatment for celiac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. This helps prevent further damage to the intestine and allows it to heal. If you suspect you have celiac disease, it’s important to get a diagnosis through blood tests and a biopsy.
Maintaining good gut health involves:
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Incorporating probiotics (found in yogurt, kefir, or supplements) to support healthy gut bacteria.
- Staying hydrated.
- Managing stress, as it can negatively affect your digestive system.
- Avoiding excessive use of antibiotics, as they can disrupt the gut microbiome.
- Regular physical activity also supports digestive health.
The main risk factors for colorectal cancer include:
Age (most cases occur after age 45)
Family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
A diet high in red or processed meats and low in fiber
Obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking
Genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
Screening for colorectal cancer (e.g., colonoscopy) is recommended for individuals over 45 or earlier if they have risk factors.
During a colonoscopy, you will be given a sedative to ensure you are comfortable and relaxed. A flexible tube with a camera is then inserted into the rectum and advanced through the colon to examine the lining of the colon for abnormalities such as polyps or cancer. The procedure typically lasts about 20 to 30 minutes. You may experience some bloating or cramping afterward, but these sensations usually subside within a few hours.
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help balance the gut microbiome. They may support digestion, reduce bloating, and help prevent diarrhea, especially after taking antibiotics. Probiotics can be found in fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi, or in supplement form. However, not all probiotics are the same, and it’s important to choose the right strains for your specific needs. Consult your gastroenterologist before starting probiotic supplements, especially if you have underlying health conditions.